连接弹簧的定义Defining nonlinear spring behavior.docVIP

SPRING1 elements The relative displacement across a SPRING1 element is the ith component of displacement of the springs node: where i is defined as described below and can be in a local direction (see “Defining the direction of action for SPRING1 and SPRING2 elements”). SPRING2 elements The relative displacement across a SPRING2 element is the difference between the ith component of displacement of the springs first node and the jth component of displacement of the springs second node: where i and j are defined as described below and can be in local directions (see “Defining the direction of action for SPRING1 and SPRING2 elements”). It is important to understand how the SPRING2 element will behave according to the above relative displacement equation since the element can produce counterintuitive results. For example, a SPRING2 element set up in the following way will be a “compressive” spring: If the nodes displace so that and , the spring appears to be in compression, while the force in the SPRING2 element is positive. To obtain a “tensile” spring, the SPRING2 element should be set up in the following way: SPRINGA elements For geometrically linear analysis the relative displacement is measured along the direction of the SPRINGA element in the reference configuration: where is the reference position of the first node of the spring and is the reference position of its second node. For geometrically nonlinear analysis the relative displacement across a SPRINGA element is the change in length in the spring between the initial and the current configuration: where is the current length of the spring and is the value of l in the initial configuration. Here and are the current positions of the nodes of the spring. In either case the force in a?SPRINGA element is positive in tension. Defining spring behavior The spring behavior can be linear or nonlinear. In either case you must associate the spring behavior with a region of your model. Input?File?Usa