【走向高考】2017年高考英语一轮复习第一部分基础知识聚焦专题突破解题策略5阅读理解之篇章结构题要点.ppt

把握文章的基本结构有利于理解文章主题。在近几年的高考题英语试题中出现了专门考查文章结构和写作手法的考题，如安徽卷中的任务型读写题、江苏卷中的任务型阅读和湖南卷中的填空题就考查了考生对文章结构的理解。北京卷、陕西卷、重庆卷在近几年的阅读理解中也比较注重对文章结构的考查。在《考试大纲》中也明确要求考生“理解文章的基本结构”。高考对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次。一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构，二是按写作方法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。 1.段落组织类题型 主要考查结构有总分；分总；总分总等形式。解答这种类型的题目，需把握全文的逻辑框架，理解段落与段落之间的关系：如并列，递进，转折，因果等，分析各段落与文章主旨之间的关系来确定全文的篇章结构特点。 [典例1]　(2015·陕西高考C) The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance. On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the areas birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物种) that depend on the trees flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many species are quickly dying out. On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the worlds groundwater. Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations (种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the worlds climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions. It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have