动词时态及语态探究.ppt

3)现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别： 现在完成时往往表示动作到现在已结束，强调对现在的影响；而现在完成进行时往往表示仍在进行或刚结束的动作，强调动作的延续性。 I have been writing an essay.(一直在写文章) I’ve written an essay.(已经写了一篇文章) a. 表示a repeated or continuous activity that started in the past and hasn’t been finished.如： I’ve been going everywhere by bike for the last two months. b. 表示an activity from the recent past which has consequences in the present. He’s been doing his science project all night. (that’s why he’s so sleepy now.) You’ve been studying very hard. Has Steve been complaining about it? We haven’t been waiting for you long. 9.将来完成时 构成：will / shall +have done 表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示将来时间的状语连用，如： by the end of+将来时间的短语, by the time +从句（从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时），这时句子或主句应用将来完成时 We will have completed the elementary English course by this time next year. He will have left for Beijing by the end of this year. We will have finished the work by the time he comes back. 10.一般将来进行时 构成： will be dong / shall be doing 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作 What will you be doing this time tomorrow? 几种时态的替代问题 A：一般现在时代替将来时 ： 除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时外，表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动也用一般现在时来代替将来时。如：The museum opens at ten tomorrow.　博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。) B：一般现在时代替完成时： 句型 “It is … since…”代替“It has been … since …” It is (= has been) five years since we last met. C：一般现在时代替进行时： 在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如： Look, here comes Mr. Li. 出题热点 在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 —What would you do if it _________ tomorrow? —We have to carry it on since we’ve got everying ready. (2005全国卷I) A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining 【解析】 虽然句子中有明显的时间状语tomorrow, 但是在if引导的条件状语从句中,要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。因此,本题答案为B。 出题热点 现在进行时：用来表述正在进行的行为，常与now, look, listen等表示现在的词连用。值得注意的是系动词和半系动词一般没有进行时。考题通常具有鲜明的语境。 —What’s that terrible noise? —The neighbors _________ for a party.（2004北京） A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare 【解析】 对话双方在谈论目前正在进行的情况。本题答案为B。 出题热点 现在完成