[组织行为学激励.pptVIP

Motivation Main Contents Defining motivation 界定动机/激励 Early Theories of Motivation 早期的动机理论 Contemporary Theories of Motivation 当代的动机理论 Defining motivation（掌握） Motivation is the process that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. 动机是一种过程，它体现了个体为了实现目标而付出的努力强度、方向和坚持性。 Intensity: how hard a person tries. Direction: the quality of effort Persistence: how long a person can maintain effort. Motivation process: High intensity is unlikely to lead to favorable job-performance outcomes unless the effort is channeled in a direction that benefits the organization. 高强度不一定会带来令人满意的工作业绩，除非这种努力指向有利于组织的方向。 Effort that is directed toward, and consistent with, the organization’s goals is the kind of effort that we should be seeking. 那些指向组织目标并与组织目标始终一致的努力才是我们所追求的。 Motivated individuals stay with a task long enough to achieve their goal. 受到动机激励的个体可以长时间地从事一项任务，直到实现他们的目标。 Early Theories of Motivation（掌握） Maslows Hierarchy of Needs theory 马斯洛 需要层次理论 Alderfers ERG theory 奥尔德弗 “ERG”理论 Theory X and theory Y X理论和Y理论 Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory 赫茨伯格 双因素理论 一. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs 1. Background of the theory Maslow suggested that motivation is simply action taken to meet a need. 满足一种需求 Individuals always have needs. However, those needs differ by kind. When one need is met, another emerges. 产生，出现 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory offers a pyramid of physiological, safety, social, esteem,and self-actualization needs. Higher order needs in Maslow’s hierarchy are esteem and self-actualization. Lower order needs in Maslow’s hierarchy are physiological,safety,and social. 2.The theory content Details: Basic or physiological needs are at the base of the hierarchy. Fulfillment of them permits survival--and nothing more. They include requirements for food, water, air, shelter, sleep, and so on. 生理学的，生理学上的；履行，实行；允