句子成分和句子结构-1.ppt

句子成分与基本句型 英语入门基础 什么是句子？ 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！ I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 句子包括哪些成分？ １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首． The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends. 主语 谓语： 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. 表语： 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面． I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing. 宾语 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后． She plays the piano. He often helps me. I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon. 宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。 The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy. I often find him at work. The teacher ask the students to close the windows. I saw a cat running across the road. 宾语补足语 状语 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当． He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. He is writing with a pen. 定语 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： ?Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）?China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） ?There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）?His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）?Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）?The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）?He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语） 句子成分的特点和功能 句子成分 特点和功能 例句 主语 谓语 宾语 表语 1.是一个