StructuredProgrammingInstructorProf.K.T.Tsang.pptVIP

Structured Programming Instructor: Prof. K. T. Tsang Lecture 6: Arrays 数据序列,数组 * Arrays (p.22 KR)数据序列,数组 An array is a collection of data elements that are of the same type (e.g., a collection of integers, characters, doubles). Array provide a convenient vehicle to hold a collection, and to reference its individual elements. We need to know the maximum number of elements the array can hold before declaring it. * Declaration of Arrays An array is a compound type that consists of a type, an identifier, and a dimension. int test_scores[40] Type Identifier Dimension, must be a constant. * How Array is stored in memory? When an array is declared, a block of memory is reserved so that they are stored one after another. Example: int A[5] (4-bytes each) 100 … … … … Memory address: 1024 … 1020 A[1] A[2] A[3] A[4] A[0] 1028 1036 1032 * Array Applications Given a list of test scores, determine the maximum and minimum scores. Read in a list of student names and rearrange them in alphabetical order (sorting). Given the height measurements of students in a class, output the names of those students who are taller than average. * Arrays - example #define MAXLINE 1000 /*define for C preprocessor*/ const int MaxStudents = 100; int number_of_students = 100; const int array_size = 3; char name[99]; /*ok*/ char line[MAXLINE]; /*ok*/ int student_ID[MaxStudents]; /*ok*/ int ia[array_size] = { 2, 8, 19 }; /*ok, explicitly initialized*/ int ib[ ] = { 3, 5, 8 }; /*ok, an array of dimension 3*/ int test_scores[number_of_students] /*error, dimension not a constant*/ * Subscript Suppose int A[10]; // array of 10 ints To access an individual element we must apply a subscript to list name A A subscript is a bracketed expression The expression in the brackets is known as the index First element of list has index 0 A[0] Second element of list has index 1, and so on A[1] Last element has an index one less than the size of the list A[9] Incorrect indexing is a com