英汉翻译技巧(12.09学生版).doc

英汉翻译技巧 第一部分 英译汉 Chapter One The General Introduction of Translation The various definitions of translation Alexander Fraser Tytler (1747-1814) I would therefore describe a good translation to be: That, in which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language, as to be distinctly apprehended, and as strongly felt, by a native of the country to which that language belongs, as it is by those who speak the language of the original work. 好的翻译应该是把原作的长处如此完备地移注入另一种语言，以使译入语所属国家的本地人能明白地领悟、强烈地感受，如同使用原作语言的人所领悟、所感受的一样。 The three general rules for translation: First General Rule: A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. 译文完全复写出原作的思想。 Second General Rule: The style and manner of writing in a translation should be of the same character with that of the original. 译文的风格与笔调应与原作具有相同的特性。 Third General Rule: A translation should have all the ease of original composition. 译文应和原作同样流畅自然。 巴尔胡达洛夫 Eugene A. Nida: a world well-known American translator and translation theorist Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. 翻译就是在译入语中再现与源语的讯息最切近的自然对等物，首先是就意义而言，其次是就文体而言。 Peter Newmark: a world well-known translation theorist in Great Britain What is translation? Often, though not by any means always, it is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended in the text. 什么是翻译？通常（虽然不能说总是如此）翻译就是把一个文本的意义按照原作者所意想的方式移入另一种语言。 The brief introduction of Chinese Translation theories 道安 （312-385）：东汉佛经翻译的代表人物，中国翻译理论的奠基人。 “五失本，三不易”理论： “译梵为秦，有五失本也。一者，梵语尽倒而使从秦，一失本也。二、梵经尚质，秦人好文，传可众心，非文不可，斯二失本也。三者，梵语委悉，至于咏叹，叮咛反复，或三或四，不嫌其烦，而今裁斥，三失本也。四者，梵有义说，正似乱辞，寻说向语，文无以异，或千、五百，划而不存，四失本也。五者，事已全成，将更傍及，反腾前辞，已乃后说，而悉除此，五失本也。 2）玄奘 （600-664） 唐代佛经翻译的主要代表人物。 “五不翻”理论：一、秘密故，二、含多义故，三、此无故，四、顺古故，五：生善故。 3）严复 （1853-1921）我国翻译史上第一个明确提出翻译标准的人。他在《天演论译例言》中说：“译事三难，信、达、雅。求其信，已大难矣。顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉。” 4）林语堂5