[英语四级 2).ppt

Ch. 4 专业英语的翻译 4.1 概论4.1.1 翻译的含义和标准 翻译的定义：一种语言活动，把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。是对原作进行再创造的思维活动，是综合实践的过程， 【例1】: The importance of building modern road can not be overestimated in the economic development. 【例2】: A novel solution to car which runs out of control into bridge abutments and the like has become popular in North America although not yet in Europe. 翻译的标准：信、达、雅。 4.1.2 翻译的过程 【Exp1】: Pavements are classified as “rigid” or flexible”, depending on how they distribute surface loads. 【Exp3】: Action is equal to reaction, but it acts in a contrary direction. 【Exp4】: The practice of employing rubber reinforced as bridge supports to allow for temperature movements and variations in foundation is well established and half of all new bridges are now built in the U.K. in this way. 4.2 英汉语言对比 4.2.1 词汇对比 （1）英汉词汇意义一一对应 （2）英语词义比汉语广泛 （3）汉语词义比英语广泛 （4）部分对应，两者的意思有彼此不能覆盖的部分 2、词的搭配能力 reduce speed reduce to powder reduce the temperature reduce the time reduce construction expense reduce the scale of construction reduce the numbers of traffic accidents. 【Exp1】: First, curing measures should be selected which will give long road life and good road surface. 首先，应当选择能延长道路寿命和获得优质路面的养护措施。 3、词序 （1）定语的位置，通常位于所修饰的名词前，少数单词要求后置 (2)状语的位置 a.修饰形容词或其它状语时前 b.修饰动词时可前置可后置 c.表程度的状语通常前置，偶尔后置。 (2)状语的位置 【Exp4】:The forces keeping the beam straight must, by a fundamental law of statics, equal the load tending to fold it up. 根据静力学原理，使梁保持竖直的力必定等于将其压弯的荷载。 【Exp5】: To the extent possible, the foundation concrete is placed keeping the excavation dry. 应尽可能在保持基坑干燥的情况下灌筑基础混凝土。 【Exp6】: Concrete is the cheapest serviceable material for the job. 就施工而言，混凝土是最便宜的材料 4.2.2 句法的对比 1、句子结构 (1)英语简单句子转换成汉语复合句结构 (2)英语复合句结构转换成汉语简单句子 （3）英语复合句结构转换为不同的汉语复合句结构 （4）英语的倒装句转换为汉语正常句序 （5）英语被动结构转换为汉语主动结构，反之亦然。 Exp3：Water power stations are always built where there are very great falls. 水力发电站总是建在落差很大的地方。（英语状语从句-汉语简单句） Exp4：It is essential that civil engineering students