牛津版高中英语必修5 Module5 Unit1 Getting along with others Period 5 Grammar and usage.docVIP

Module 5 Unit 1 Getting along with others Period 5 Grammar and usage(Teachers’ edition) Step 1 To-infinitive 不定式句法功能 1. 作主语： 不定式作主语常见句型： a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult…) + 不定式 b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame) + 不定式 eg. It’s my duty to teach you how to be a student of No.3 Middle School. c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience…) + 不定式 eg. It requires patience to be a good teacher. eg. The order to start the general attack soon came. 不定式的复合结构:以it为形式主语或形式宾语引导的复合结构，如果其前的形容词是指行为的性质就用：for sb. to do sth.这种复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。如 ：It is necessary for me to learn English well. 如果该形容词是指行为的性质，同时又指行为的人，则用of sb. to do sth.。这种句式中的常用形容词有：right, wrong, brave, careful, careless, clever, wise, stupid, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, silly等。如：It’s very kind of you to come to see me. 2. 作表语：His job is to design new machines. 注：作表语的不定式都带to，但当主语部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。 eg. The only thing we can do now is wait and see. 3.作宾语 a) 可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等 2005年天津卷12题：I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 当不定式短语比宾补长时，往往将不定式放到宾补后，而用先行代词it作形式宾语，常用动词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。 I find it hard to get along with him. b) 不定式一般不作介词的宾语，只有少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词都是实义动词do, does, did时，通常省略to。(前有do，后无to；前无do，后有to) Eg. We have no choice but to wait. We can do nothing but wait. 4. 宾语补足语 a) 通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to，常用于以下动词之后：ask, tell, advise, allow, enable, expect, force, get, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg等 You should get them to help you. 注; 以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带to ①一些表示“致使”意义的动词，如：let, have, make等 ②一些表示感觉的动词，如：hear, feel, see, watch, notice等 Don’t let the children trouble you. I heard someone open the door. 但当这两类动词为被动态