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During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “usefl” child who contributed to the family economy give way gradually to the present-day notion of the “useless” child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, its presents, is yet considered emotionally “priceless”. 她认为，在19世纪，能对家庭经济有所贡献的“有用的”小孩的概念逐渐让位于现在“无用的”小孩的观点，即虽然这些小孩不能为父母创造收入，而且对于父母来说的确极其费钱，但他们在情感上仍被认为是无价的。 “Expulsion of children from the ‘cash nexus’… although expulsion is clearly shaped by profound changes in the economic, occupational, and family structures,” Zelizer maintains, “was also part of a cultural process ‘of sacrelization’ of children’s lives.” Zelizer认为，：“将孩子排除在‘金钱关系’之外。。。。。。虽然明显的被经济、职业、家庭结构的深刻变化所塑造，但这也是孩子生命‘神圣化’的文化进程的一部分。” The question of whether decrease in plant fecundity caused by the spraying of pesticides actually causes a decline in the overall population of flowering plant species still reminds unanswered. 喷洒杀虫剂是否引起了植物结果率的下降，继而真的引起开花植物品种的整体种群数量的下降，这个问题仍未解决。 Automakers could schedule the production of different components or models on single machines, thereby eliminating the need to store the buffer stocks of extra components that result when specialized equipment and workers are kept constantly active. 许多汽车制造商在一台机器上安排生产不同的零件或模型，由此消除了储存当专业化设备和工人不停工作时导致的多余零件的缓冲库存的需求。 Yet, like Paine, Woodward had an unerring sense of the revolutionary moment, and Woodward had an unerring sense of how historical evidence could undermine the mythological tradition that was crushing the dreams of new social possibilities. 就像Paine一样，Woodward有着一种对于革命性时刻的正确感觉，而且Woodward还有着对历史证据如何能够正确削弱那种神话传统的正确感觉，这种神话传统在摧毁新社会可能性的梦想。 Joseph Glattthaar’s Forged in Battle is not the first excellent study of Black soldiers and their White officers in the Civil War, but it uses more soldiers’ letters and diaries—including rare material from Black soldiers—and it concentrates more intensely on Black-White relations in Black regiments than do any of its predecessors. Joseph Glattthaar 所著的《战火的洗礼》并不