英汉互译技巧3英汉互译技巧3.doc

第三章 翻译的基本技巧Translation Techniques 第三部分 Part Three Procedures of today: Inversion / Restructuring Conversion Division Exercises in class Assignments of today Inversion / Restructuring 换序法也称顺序调整法，指在翻译过程中将原文的语言成分（词、词组或从句）在原句中的位置进行变动，使译文符合译入语的表达习惯。 英语思维模式是由点及面的外展螺旋式，其表达方式是由小到大，由近及远，由轻到重，由弱到强。汉语相反，是内旋式：由面到点，由大到小，由远及近，由重到轻，由强到弱。 英语多倒装句，汉语则很少见。 Jurisprudence is the knowledge of things divine and human, the science of what is right and what is wrong. 法理乃天上人间诸事之知识，亦公正与否之科学。 All men are liable to error, and most men are, in many points, by passion or interest, under temptation to it. 人都会犯错误，在许多情况下，大多数人都是由于欲望或兴趣的引诱而犯错误的。 No man is above the law and no man is below it; nor do we ask any man’s permission when we ask him to obey it. 无人不受法律约束，也无人不受法律保护；我们要求哪个人遵守法律，也不用征求他的同意。 Some more examples: My uncle passed away in hospital at 2:30 a.m. on September 12, 1999. 我的伯父于1999年9月12日凌晨2点30分在医院逝世。 Most of the information we have got is through that channel. 我们得道的大部分消息时通过那个渠道获得的。 The fear that their port would lose its importance also worried the people of Baltimore. 巴尔的摩人也担心这样一来他们的港口就会失去重要性。 疑问、祈使、感叹、假设、否定等等在英语中都会用到倒装结构，汉语则不需要。 What did you do yesterday? 你昨天干什么来着？ “Speak you,” said Mr. Black, “Speak you, good fellow!” 布莱克先生叫道：“说，说吧！伙计！” How dreadful this place is! 这地方好可怕呀！ Had you come yesterday, you could have seen him here. 要是你昨天来了，你就会在这里看到他的。 Through a gap came an elaborately described ray. 一束精心描绘的光线从空洞透出来。 On this depends the whole argument. 整个争论都以此为论据。 By strategy is meant something wider. 这里用“战略”一词，其含义较广。 Not a word did he say. 他只字未说。 A woman infected with HIV may be ostracized or abandoned by her husband if her condition is revealed, even when he is the source of the disease. 感染了HIV的妇女，如果其病情被泄露出来，可能被丈夫赶走或抛弃，即使她的病情是因丈夫而引起时也是这样。 即使妇女的HIV是被丈夫传染的，病情一旦泄露，还是会遭受冷待或抛弃。 It is easy to see what weight can be overcome and what thrust is necessary to maintain flight. 要知道应该抵消多大重力并需要多大推力才能保持飞行，这很容易。 As was cleared up some time later, news came from a distance th