英语二重点语法英语二重点语法.doc

一．名词 I. 名词的种类： 专有名词 普通名词 国名地名人名，团体机构名称 可数名词 不可数名词 个体名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词 不可数名词量的表示语：　　(1) 不可数名词可加表单位的形容片语，表示数的观念。其公式为：　数词＋单位词＋of＋不可数名词　　(2) 各类表单位的形容词片语。　　(A) 物质名词：a piece (suit) of armour a piece (slice) of cake a piece (an article) of furniture a piece of jewelry　　a piece (sheet) of paper a cake of soap a piece (slice) of bacon a piece (stick) of chalk　　a bit (blade) of grass a piece (strip) of land a bit (grain) of rice a bowl of soup　　(B) 抽象名词　　a word of abuse an item (a bit) of business an attack of fever a bit (an amount) of interest;　　a fit of passion a piece (word) of advice a piece of evidence a piece (an item) of information　a piece (an item) of news;　　(C) 自然现象：a flash of lightening;　　a bolt of thunder; 名词种类的表示语：kind of, sort of, type of, 三者都可接可数名词及不可数名词，其后的冠词a (an)常被省略。之前可加a, the, some, any, etc. 　　What kind of (a) pencil did you buy?　　I had a kind of suspicion that he was cheating.　　I like this kind of flower.　　I like flowers of this kind. （置名词后更强调种类）　　　 II. 名词的数： 1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下： 规则 例词 1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days 2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes 3 以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves 加-s chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs 4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities 5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys 6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 一般加-es Negro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes 不少外来词加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos 两者皆可 zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos 7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos 8 特殊变化 medium media, child children, 2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下： 规则 例词 1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2 单复数相同 sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan,