第九章 集电路设计工具软件简介.pptVIP

集成电路设计技术 Part 1 SPICE Overview History SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) is a family of programs (freeware or commercial) for simulation of electronic circuits, everyone based on the same kernel that is developed by Berkeley University (California, USA) since 1960 with public founds. From the beginning there were many releases, we can mention SPICE2 (the first with powerful models for semiconductors) and the current SPICE3 (source code from Fortran to C, more portability and efficiency). Todays commercial packages add to it many functions and features: graphical and easy-to-use front-ends, powerful post-processors, integration with other utilities, new built-in models, commands and functions. The code produced by these simulator is no longer compatible with the original kernel. Part 2 Types of Analysis DC Analysis The dc analysis portion of SPICE determines the dc operating point of the circuit with inductors shorted and capacitors opened. The dc analysis options are specified on the .DC, .TF, and .OP control lines. A dc analysis is automatically performed prior to a transient analysis to determine the transient initial conditions, and prior to an ac small-signal analysis to determine the linearized, small-signal models for nonlinear devices. If requested, the dc small-signal value of a transfer function (ratio of output variable to input source), input resistance, and output resistance is also computed as a part of the dc solution. The dc analysis can also be used to generate dc transfer curves: a specified independent voltage or current source is stepped over a user-specified range and the dc output variables are stored for each sequential source value. AC Small-Signal Analysis The ac small-signal portion of SPICE computes the ac output variables as a function of frequency. The program first computes the dc operating point of the circuit and determines linearized, small-signal models for all of the nonlinear devices in the circuit