竹纤维的结构分析07-01-0344.docVIP

竹纤维的结构分析 何建新1,2， 章伟2，王善元1 (1.东华大学 纺织学院，上海201620；2.中原工学院 纺织学院，郑州 450007) 摘要：利用化学方法提取了毛竹单纤维，利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X-衍射研究了竹纤维的形态、微纤结构和结晶结构，并与棉纤维和麻纤维进行了比较。竹纤维呈圆柱形，头端为圆锥形，有麻类纤维的横向节纹，不过其长度要比棉、苎麻和亚麻小得多，因而要得到纺织用的竹纤维必须通过胶质形成束纤维。竹纤维表层微纤的取向角很小，与纤维轴近乎平行排列，利用扫描电镜能够观察到了竹纤维的同心层结构。X衍射的结果表明竹纤维的结晶度和晶粒的取向度与苎麻相近，要高于亚麻和棉，其晶粒尺寸大于其它三种纤维，同其他三种纤维一样，竹纤维的晶型均为Iβ占主体。 关键词：竹纤维 形态 微纤结构 结晶结构 中图分类号：TS 101．92+ 文献标识码：A Analysis on the structure of bamboo fiber He Jianxin1,2 Zhangwei2 Wang shanyuan1 (1. College of textile, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China 2. College of textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology，Zhengzhou 450007, China) Abstract Single fiber of bamboo Maozhu was extracted by chemical method. Its morphology, microfiber structure and crystalline structure were investigated and compared with these of cotton and fibriia fibers by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffraction analysis. The investigation showed that bamboo fiber is long cylindrical and uniform in size with distinct nodes, which is similar to fibriia fibers, however its length is far less than that of cotton, ramie and flax fibers. Therefore, to form long textile fibers, a number of single fibers need to be connected together by some binding such as lignin and pectin etc. Bamboo fiber has a small orientation angle for the exterior microfibers, which are parallel to fiber axis approximately. The structure of concentric lamina in cross section of bamboo fiber had been observed by SEM. The result of x-ray diffraction analysis indicated that crystallinity and orientation of bamboo fibers were similar to those of ramie fibers, and more than those of cotton and flax fibers, in addition, crystallite size of bamboo fiber was biggest among the four fibers. The allomorph in bamboo fibers was determined as Iβ-dominant type. Key words bamboo fiber; morphology; microfiber structure; crystalline structure 相比合成纤维，天然纤维由于绿色环保、舒适性更胜一筹，正日益受到人们的欢迎。纤维素是自然界最丰富的天然高分子，不过能用作纺织纤维的仍只有棉纤维和一些韧皮纤维如苎麻、亚麻等，如今，这些传统的天然