英美概况期末考试答案.doc

American Beginnings 1. What were the new and powerful social forces which led to the awakening of Europe and the discovery of America? P34 The first force was the development of capitalism. The growth of capitalism produced two new classes-the bourgeoisie [?b?r?wɑ?zi?]and the working class with the development of commerce and trade, the bourgeoisie become increasingly powerful in politics as well as in economy, so they wanted to share more power with feudal lords. The second force was the Renaissance [ren?sɑ?ns], which was marked by a changing outlook on life. The third force was the Religious Reformation, a religious force movement that started from Germany. ?2.?What was the unique American phenomenon? How did it come into being? Do you think it still exists in today’s American society? P36 The enactment [?n?ktm?nt of laws for the colony and the enslavement of Africans combined constituted a unique American phenomenon.. on the one hand, the English and other Europeans went to North America for seeking freedom. On the other hand, these very white people who were seeking and fighting for their own freedom deprived black Africans of their freedom. On July 30, 1619, the first meeting of an elected legislature, a representative assembly, was held in Virginia. A month later, still in Virginia, a Dutch ship brought in over 20 Negroes as servants for a term of years to make a start toward the enslavement of Africans within what was to be the American republic. This phenomenon still exists in today’s American society, such as the racial discrimination. Until now, the black people still receive the unfair prejudice. However, the society in America is full of freedom, especially to the white people. They have a lot of rights in their life. ?3.?In what way did the pattern of founding of Maryland influence American culture? In 1648, Lord Baltimore appointed a Protestant governor, and the next year, the Maryland Toleration Act, which assured freedom of worship to all who believ