药剂学英文重点整理.doc

绪论 What is pharmaceutics? How many branches of pharmaceutics ? What is a drug? Give some examples A drug is defined as an agent intended for use in the diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure, or prevention of disease in humans or in other animals. 药物是有目的地用于诊断、缓解、治疗、治愈或预防人类或动物疾病的物质。 Emetic (induce vomiting催吐剂) and antiemetic (prevent vomiting止吐剂) drugs Diuretic drugs (increase the flow of urine利尿剂) Expectorant drugs (increase respiratory tract fluid除痰剂) Cathartics or laxatives (evacuate the bowel泻药) Other drugs decrease the flow of urine, diminish body secretions, or induce constipation (便秘) Where do new drugs come from? Give examples. New drugs may be derived from Plant Animal sources As byproducts of microbial growth Through chemical synthesis Molecular modification Biotechnology Explain: drug standards, pharmacopeia, ISO Drug standards The united states pharmacopeia (药典) and the national formulary (国家药品标准) Pharmakon, meaning “drug”; poiein, meaning “make”; The combination indicates any recipe or formula or other standards required to make or prepare a drug. Organized sets of monographs or books of these standards are called pharmacopeias or formularies. International Organization for standardization (ISO) is an international consortium of representative bodies constituted to develop and promote uniform or harmonized international standards. 国际标准化组织是一个代表性的国际联合会，其设立是为了发展和增进国际标准的均一性和协调性。 ISO 9000-ISO9004 used in the pharmaceutical industry ISO included standards pertaining to development, production, quality assurance, quality control, detection of defective products, quality management, and other issues as product safety and liability. ISO 包括标准适合开发、生产、质量保证、质量控制、缺陷产品的检测、质量管理和其他如产品安全性和责任的问题。 Internationally recognized quality- management system. How do you understand your role as a clinical pharmacist? Community pharmacies Pharmacist plays an active role in the patient’s use of prescription and nonprescription medication, diagnostic agents, durable