Unit14-B-AcneVulgaris(粉刺)..doc

Unit 14 Dermatological Diseases Text B Acne Vulgaris Introduction This article is about a skin disease commonly found during adolescence. Acne vulgaris (cystic acne or simply acne) is a common human skin disease,characterized by areas of skin with seborrhea ( scaly red skin)，comedones (blackheads and whiteheads)， papules (pinheads) , pustules (pimples)，nodules (large papules) and possibly scarring. Acne affects mostly skin with the densest population of sebaceous follicles ； these areas include the face, the upper part of the chest, and the back (Fig. 14-3). Severe acne is inflammatory, but acne can also manifest in noninflammatory forms. The lesions are caused by changes in pilosebaceous units,skin structures consisting of a hair follicle and its associated sebaceous gland， changes that require androgen stimulation. 这篇文章是关于青春期常见皮肤病。寻常痤疮（囊性痤疮或粉刺）是一种常见的皮肤病，以局部皮肤出现脂溢性皮炎（,鳞状红色皮肤），黑头粉刺（黑头和白头粉刺），丘疹（针头），脓疱（青春痘），结节（大丘疹）和疤痕为特征。痤疮通常分布于皮肤毛囊皮脂腺最密集处；其中包括面部，胸的上部和背部（图14-3）。重度痤疮是一种炎症反应，但也可以以非炎症形式存在。这种损害的原因来自于毛囊皮脂腺单位功能的改变，该单位是由毛囊和皮脂腺组成，而功能改变需要雄激素的刺激。 Acne occurs most commonly during adolescence, and often continues into adulthood. In adolescence，acne is usually caused by an increase in testosterone, which accrues during puberty, regardless of sex. For most people, acne diminishes over time and tends to disappear— or at the very least decreases — by age 25. There is，however，no way to predict how long it will take to disappear entirely, and some individuals will carry this condition well into their thirties, forties, and beyond. 青春痘最常发生在青春期，并经常持续到成年。在青春期，无论男女，睾酮的分泌量均明显增加，这将导致痤疮的发生。对于大多数人来说，痤疮随着时间的推移而逐渐减少，并且会逐渐消失，或者至少到25岁时开始减少。但是，没有办法预测多久会完全消失，而有些人会一直好发痤疮直到他们三十岁、四十多岁或更大的年龄段。 Some of the large nodules were previously called “cysts” and the term nodulocystic has been used to describe severe cases of inflammatory acne. The “cysts”，or boils that accompany cystic acne,can appear on the buttocks,groin,and armpit area,and anywhere else where sweat collects in hair follicles and perspiration