ppt课件-corrosion-iitk.pptVIP

* CORROSION OXIDATION CORROSION PREVENTION AGAINST CORROSION Principles and Prevention of Corrosion D.A. Jones Prentice-Hall, Englewood-Cliffs (1996) Attack of Environment on Materials Metals get oxidized Polymers react with oxygen and degrade Ceramic refractories may dissolved in contact with molten materials Materials may undergo irradiation damage Oxidation Oxide is the more stable than the metal (for most metals) Oxidation rate becomes significant usually only at high temperatures The nature of the oxide determines the rate of oxidation +163 Au2O3 ?13 ?145 ?217 ?568 ?740 ?853 ?1045 ?1576 Ag2O Cu2O NiO MgO Fe2O3 Ti2O Cr2O3 Al2O3 Free energy of formation for some metal oxides at 25oC (KJ/mole) For good oxidation resistance the oxide should be adherent to the surface Adherence of the oxide  = f(the volume of the oxide formed :  the volume of metal consumed in the oxidation)  = f(Pilling-Bedworth ratio) PB 1 ? tensile stresses in oxide film ? brittle oxide cracks PB 1 ? compressive stresses in oxide film ? uniformly cover metal  surface and is protective PB 1 ? too much compressive stresses in oxide film ? oxide cracks 2.16 2.03 1.71 1.60 1.38 0.79 0.58 0.41 Fe2O3 Cr2O3 Cu2O NiO Al2O3 MgO Na2O K2O Pilling-Bedworth ratio for some oxides If the metal is subjected to alternate heating and cooling cycles ?  the relative thermal expansion of the oxide vs metal determines the  stability of the oxide layer Oxides are prone to thermal spalling and can crack on rapid heating or cooling If the oxide layer is volatile (e.g. Mo and W at high temperatures) ?  no protection Progress of oxidation after forming the oxide layer: diffusion controlled ? activation energy for oxidation is activation energy for diffusion through the oxide layer Oxide Metal Oxygen anions Metal Cations Oxidation occurs at air-oxide interface Oxidation occurs at metal-oxide interface Diffusivity = f(nature of the oxide layer, defect structure of th