zscorechapter（72页）.docVIP

EEG Biofeedback Training Using Live Z-Scores and a Normative Database Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D., BrainMaster Technologies, Inc. Robert Thatcher, Ph.D., Applied Neurosciences, Inc. and University of South Florida Mark Llewellyn Smith L.C.S.W., William A. Lambos, Ph.D., BCIA-EEG, Cognitive Neuro Sciences, Inc. Charles R. Stark, M.D., BCIA-EEG, Cognitive Neuro Sciences, Inc. Introduction This report discusses the technical background, and initial clinical results obtained, in an implementation of live Z- Score based Training (LZT) in an EEG biofeedback system. This approach makes it possible to compute, view, and process normative z-scores in real-time as a fundamental element of EEG biofeedback. While employing the same type of database as conventional QEEG postprocessing software, LZT software is configured to produce results in real-time, suiting it to live assessment and training, rather than solely for analysis and review. The z-scores described here are based upon a published data base, and computed using the same software code that exists in the analysis software, when used in “dynamic JTFA” mode. The database includes over 600 people, ages 2 to 82.?The system computes real-time z-scores using JTFA (joint time-frequency analysis) rather than using the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform), which is more commonly used for obtaining postprocessed results. As a result, z-scores are available instantaneously, without windowing delays, and can be used to provide real-time information. Live Z-scores can be used either for live assessment or for feedback training, depending on how the system is configured and used. When used for assessment, live Z-scores can be viewed during data acquisition, and can also be recorded and reviewed, as a simple, fast assessment. When used for training, the z-scores must be integrated in some fashion into the feedback design, so that they are used to control displays, sounds, or other information, for purposes of operant condi