华科高等土力学consolidation重点.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * Summary of 1D consolidation Basic equations: Stress strain relationship: Mass balance of fluid: Darcy’s law: In essence: coupling of soil deformation and seepage! Example Q: What is the driving force ofsettlement? A: Increase of effective stress due to water pumping. Q: What is the increase of effectivestress? The final settlement of the clay layer: The increase of effective stress at the center of the claylayer. The settlement with time: Vertical drains The degree of consolidation is largely determined by the length of drainage path. Vertical drains can be installed in thick clay layer to introduce horizontal drainage, expediting the consolidation. Simplified analytical model Governing equation (assuming axi-symmetric condition): ch: coefficient of consolidation in the horizontal direction Two average degrees of consolidation: : vertical degree of consolidation : Radial degree of consolidation Radial degree of consolidation Average degree of consolidation Example: Vertical consolidation: The corresponding degree of consolidation: Radial consolidation: Now the corresponding Tr is also a function of the radius ratio. Radius of radial consolidation: rd=0.2 m By trial and error, approximately when n=9, Tr=0.3, and Ur=0.82. 3D consolidation: Biot’s theory Stress strain relationship – assuming elastic response: Relationship between mean total stress ?m and excess pore pressure: ust: static water pressure, constant Darcy’s law: Mass balance of fluid: Substitute Darcy’s equations into the mass balance equation: : Relationship between water pressureand volume change : Coefficient of 3D consolidation * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Consolidation theory and analysis Flow in a soil mass Water head and hydraulic gradient Here we only focus on flow of water in saturated soil Flow in a soil mass also has to follow the fundamental principles of Fluid Mechanics From Fluid Mechanics, it is known that the total head at a specific position in a fl