高二英语非谓语结构复习人教版选修8.docVIP

非谓语动词（Non-Finite Verb） 在英语中，不是用于句子谓语而是用于担任其他语法功能的动词叫做非谓语动词，也称作动词的非限定形式。非谓语动词有三种形式：不定式（the Infinitive），分词（the Participle）和动名词（the Gerund）。 ?不定式 I.? 构成与形式： 不定式由不定式符号“to”＋动词原形(do)构成（有时不带to）。前面可以加某些疑问代词，如what、who、which，或疑问副词，如when、where、how、why等，构成特殊的不定式短语，如what to do next, how to get there等。 不定式的形式有： 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing 完成进行式 to have been doing II.用法： 不定式不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，而且还保留着动词的特征，因而可以有状语修饰，如果是及物动词，还可以带宾语，从而构成不定式短语。不定式或不定式短语在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。 1.? 作主语（表示具体的或某次特定的动作；也常借助it 作形式主语） To make a plan for our future is important. How to get enough capital is still a question. It is difficult to make a decision without knowing all the facts. 2.? 作表语(说明主语的内容或性质或表示按计划要做的事情) The important thing is to save lives. My wish is to become a scientist. He is to marry Rose. 3.? 作宾语（表示具体的或某次特定的或将来的动作；也常借助it 作形式宾语） I like to go for a walk in the warm sunshine. He wants to see me this morning. We find it difficult to learn English well. 常用不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, want, like, ask, wish, hate, hope, decide, fail, intend, manage, promise, forget, plan, need, mean, pretend, choose, remember, care, continue, require 等。 4.? 作定语(含有“将来”的意味，多数与所修饰的词有动宾关系) She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings. He was always the first to come and the last to leave. There are some things to be grateful for. 作状语（1，作目的状语相当于用in order (not) to,so as (not) to引导的目的状语.；2，作结果状语，常用enough to , only to, never to, so + 形容词/副词 + as to, such + 名词… as to do引导； 3，作原因状语，常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后） She decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. I am happy to see you. 6.? 作主语补足语 It is reported to be true. The education of the young is seen to be of primary importance. 7.? 作宾语补足语（作宾补的不定式与宾语有主谓关系。表示该不定式动作要发生或其全过程已经结束；强调动作将发生或已完成） Please remind me to take my medicine tomorrow. They didn’t allow her to park the car in this street. 注意1：有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to。这种动词有两类：一类是