ppt课件-k d d-香港大学科学与技术（ k d d- hong kong universityof scienceand technology）.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The “zero-frequency problem” What if an attribute value doesn’t occur with every class value (e.g. “Humidity = high” for class “yes”)? Probability will be zero! A posteriori probability will also be zero! (No matter how likely the other values are!) Remedy: add 1 to the count for every attribute value-class combination (Laplace estimator) Result: probabilities will never be zero! (also: stabilizes probability estimates) * Modified probability estimates In some cases adding a constant different from 1 might be more appropriate Example: attribute outl