大学生物专业英语8试题.pptVIP

Lesson EightAnimal Development acrosome reaction 顶体反应 That series of observable, structural changes undergone by a sperm when in the vicinity of an ovum in the oviduct. Specifically, many openings appear in the sperm head membrane, through which the contents of the acrosome appear to be released. observable显著的,看得见的 undergo 经历 sperm 精子 vicinity 附近 ovum 卵, 卵子 oviduct [解]输卵管 specifically 特定的 opening 口子, 通路 membrane 膜, 隔膜 appear 看来, 似乎 blastomere 分裂球：在早期胚胎发育时受精 卵分裂产生的 One of several small cells formed from an animal zygote during cleavage. form from 由...组成, 用...构成 zygote [生物] 受精卵 cleavage 卵裂 blastula 囊胚：分裂受精卵产生的早期胚胎 外形，由球形细胞层组成也作 blastosphere The stage of the early animal embryo that succeeds cleavage and precedes gastrulation. A blastula is usually made up of a hollow ball of cells, with a wall one to several cells thick; the central cavity is the blastocoel. embryo胚胎 precede 领先(于), 在...之前 gastrulation [医]原肠胚形成 cavity 洞, [解剖]腔 blastocoel [生物]囊胚腔 cleavage 卵裂 The mitotic division of the zygote that occurs immediately after fertilization and produces a ball of smaller cells without an overall increase in size. mitotic 有丝分裂的 fertilization 授精 overall 全面的 compensatory hypertrophy 代偿性肥大 See regeneration 人体内成双的脏器很多如肺、肾等这类 脏器有一个特点一旦一侧脏器失去功能 或缺失,另一侧正常脏器会承担起双侧脏 器的功能,同时使自己的体积增大、功能 增强这在医学上称为代偿性肥大 dedifferentiation 去分化 指高度分化的细胞或组织向更简单，更初期非特化 的形式的退化。 The loss of differentiation, as in the vertebrate limb stump during formation of a blastema. differentiation 区别 ,分化,特殊化 vertebrate 脊椎动物 limb 肢, 翼 stump 树桩, 残余 blastema 芽基, 胚基(身体某部分或一器官由此发育 的一组胚胎细胞，或正常发育或失去的身体某部分 的再生能力) differentiation 分化 The complex of changes involved in the progressive diversification of the structure and functioning of the cells of an organism. For a given line of cells, differentia