延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换解析.doc

延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,如：for 2 years，for a long time; since从句, 如：since he came here; since+时间点名词, 如：since last year, since 5 days ago; how long等。请看例句1.He has lived here for 6 years. 请看例句2.You can keep the book for 5 days. 请看例句3.I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. 请看例句4.How long did you stay there last year? 请看例句5.My brother has joined the army for two years．（误） My brother has been a soldier for two years .（正） 我哥哥自1999年就参军了。 请看例句6.My brother has joined the army since 1999．（误） My brother has been a soldier since 1999 (正)你哥哥参军多久了？ 请看例句7.How long has your brother joined the army ？（误） How long has your brother been a soldier ？ （正） 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或点动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin(start), finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 oclock;请看例句He died 5 years ago. 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。 请看例句1.I havent left here for 3 years. 请看例句2.I havent heard from him for 3 weeks. 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换： leave → be away离开;borrow → keep借;buy → have买;begin/start → be on开始/上演;die → be dead;finish ／end ／stop→ be over结束/完成;join → be in+组织机构或be a member of+组织机构；open/close sth → keep sth open/closed；fall ill → be ill；get up → be up；catch ／get a cold → have a cold感冒；come here → be here；go there → be there；become → be成为；come back → be back；fall asleep → be asleep睡着；get to/ arrive/reach → be (in)；leave → be away from；get to know → know；go (get) out → be out；put on → wear；catch a cold →have a cold; go to school → be in school／be a student上学; go abroad → be abroad去国外; marry → be married（to）结婚; wake up → be awake 醒; make friends with → be friends with成为/交朋友; lose → be lost ／be missing ／be gone 丢失; lose ones job ／work → be out of work ／a job等。 请看例句1.The old man died 4 years ago. → The old man has been dead for 4 years. → It is 4 years since the o