100 年社区学校大学田纳西（100 yearsof community schools- universityof tennessee）.doc

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100 年社区学校大学田纳西（100 yearsof community schools- universityof tennessee）.doc

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100 年社区学校大学田纳西（100 yearsof community schools- universityof tennessee）

100 Years of Community School History Early 20th Century The concept of schools centered in community life can first be traced to the reform era of the early twentieth century in America. Leaders of that time, among them John Dewey, Jane Addams, and urban planner Clarence Perry, first sketched the outlines of model schools that serve as the center of neighborhood social life and the agent of neighborhood-based social services, while also educating children. Facing the daunting social disruption in American cities of the Industrial Age, social reformers sought ways to improve the lives of newly arrived urban residents and immigrants through community-based education and development. The Thirties: The Community Education Movement The next evolution of community schools appeared in the 1930’s, growing out of the “lighted schoolhouses” of Flint, Michigan. Founders Charles Manley and Charles Stewart Mott, who began the Mott Foundation, developed programs to serve the children and working parents of Flint in vacant school buildings in the evenings. Under the name Community Education, these programs developed into a model that drew interest from around the country, thanks in large part to a guest editorial written by Eleanor Rooseveldt. This article praising the Flint schools was published around the nation and eventually helped to draw hundreds of people to Flint to be trained in the new Community Education philosophy and methods . Principles taught in Community Education trainings are still in use today: “Citizen involvement in community problem-solving and decision making—citizens have a right and a responsibility to be involved in determining community needs and in linking those needs and resources to improve the community; Lifelong learning opportunities for learners of all ages, backgrounds and needs; Use of community resources in the schooling/education curriculum; Opportunities for parents to become involved in the learning process of their children a