InternetRoutingInstability.ppt

Spring 2006 Internet Routing Instability Internet Routing Instability Three Papers Presented by Michael A. Smith Background Events NSFNet backbone ended in April ‘95 Evident Network degradation bandwidth shortages lack of router switching capacity “Death of Internet is Imminent” reported by popular press Routing Instability (“route flaps”) Informally defined as: “the rapid change of network reachability and topology information” The Internet Backbone 12 large ISPs, tier one 4000-6000 tier two providers Large public exchange points are considered the “core” of the Internet. Backbone service providers must maintain a complete map, or default-free routing table. Divided into different regions of administrative control called autonomous systems (AS’s). Most AS’s exchange routing information through the border gateway protocol (BGP). Routing Instability Origins Router configuration errors Transient physical and data link problems Software bugs Effects Poorer end-to-end network performance Degradation of overall efficiency of the Internet infrastructure Route Flaps Result in large number of routing updates passed to core Internet exchange point routers. Network instability spreads from router to router and propagates throughout the network. Effects in Internet infrstructure: Increased packet loss Delays in time for network convergence Resource overhead (CPU, memory, etc.) BGP An incremental protocol Does not flood intra-domain network with topological information or link state entries (like IGRP and OSPF) Sends update information only upon changes in topology or policy Uses TCP as underlying transport mechanism (as opposed to reliability through datagram service) As a path vector routing protocol, it limits the distribution of reachability information. Routing on the Backbone path - sequence of intermediate AS’s between source and destination routers that form a directed route for packets to travel Router configuration files allow the stipulation of routing