高一英语外研版必修1 module 2 语法课件.pptVIP

Grammar 现在完成时(Present perfect tense) (一) 现在完成时的基本用法： 1. 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。 I have finished my work. We have set up many new factories. 2. 动作发生在过去, 强调对现在的结果、影响等。 Have you ever seen the film “Harry Potter”? I’ve spent 3 years in the countryside. 3. 表示动作发生在过去,并且一直持续到现在, 甚至还可能继续下去, 句中使用持续性动词, 且常有表示一段时间的时间状语。 I’ve been an English teacher for about 20 years. (二) 使用现在完成时的句型 1) 现在完成时+since + 点时间状语(名词、短语、从句,其中从句用一般过去时) 2) 现在完成时+ for+ 段时间状语 3) It / This is the first /其他序数词/ last time + that 从句中,从句使用现在完成时。 现在完成时表示某一已经完成的动作对现在造成的结果或影响, 强调的是现在的情况,所以不能与表示过去的时间状语连用; 一般过去时只表示某一动作或状态在过去发生或存在过, 与现在不发生联系,它可以与表示过去的时间状语连用。 (三)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别: He has read that book. (说明他现在知道那本书的内容) He read that book last year. (只说明他去年读过那本书 ) He has gone to America. (他现在不在此地, 在美国) He went to America. (只说明他去过美国) (四) 终止性动词与延续性动词： 1. 终止性动词: 表示短暂的运动状态,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,常用的动词有: come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, reach, get, get up , join, marry, open, close, give, lend, borrow, finish, break, see, hear, notice, find, understand, die 等。 2. 延续性动词: 表示长时间的运动状态,能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 常用的动词有: live, study, work, teach, stay, read, play, fly, talk, rain, eat, run等 arrive →be here?????????begin(start)→be on ???die??? →be dead???????????come back →be backleave →be away???????????????????fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)??????? get up →be up?????????????????????? go out???? →be out??????? finish →be over???????????????????? put on??? →wear 或be on??????? open? →be open??????????????????? join?????? →be in或 be a member of…??????? close? →be closed????????????????? go to school →be a student??????? borrow? →keep????????????????????? buy??? →have????????????? ??????? catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)?? get to know →know??????? begin to study →study???????????? come to work →work等 注意：如果现在完成时的谓语动词是结束性动词的否定式，则通常可以和表示一段时间的for短语连用.e.g. He has not left home for a month .他已经一个月没有出家门了。I haven‘t seen him for a few days.我已经好几天没看见他了。 1. --- How are you today? --- Oh, I ____ as