supergiant 42Regional geologic and tectonic setting of the Maracaibo supergiant basin,western Venezuela_图文.doc

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supergiant 42Regional geologic and tectonic setting of the Maracaibo supergiant basin,western Venezuela_图文.doc

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supergiant 42Regional geologic and tectonic setting of the Maracaibo supergiant basin,western Venezuela_图文

supergiant 42Regional geologic and tectonic setting of the Maracaibo supergiant basin,western Venezuela_图文 RegionalgeologicandtectonicsettingoftheMaracaibosupergiantbasin,westernVenezuela PaulMann,AlejandroEscalona,andMar?′aVero′nicaCastillo ABSTRACT Thisspecialissuecontainseighttopicalstudiesonthestructure,stratigraphy,andpetroleumsystemoftheMaracaiboBasin,asuper-giantbasininwesternVenezuela.Mostoftheworkreportedinthisspecialissueistheproductofthesis-relatedresearchbymaster抯anddoctoral-levelstudentsattheJacksonSchoolofGeosciencesoftheUniversityofTexasatAustinduringacollaborativerelation-shipwiththeVenezuelannationaloilcompany,Petro′leosdeVene-zuela,S.A.,thatwasinitiatedinthelate1980s.Thisintroductoryarticlepresentsaregionaloverviewofthetectonicsettingandge-ologyoftheMaracaiboBasin. Withacumulativeoilproductionofmorethan30billionbbl,sincethefirstproductionwellwasdrilledin1914andestimatedultimateoilreservesofmorethan44billionbbl,theMaracaiboBasinisthemostprolifichydrocarbonbasinintheWesternHemisphere.UnlikethemoreextensiveGulfofMexicogianthydrocarbonprov-inces,therelativelysmallsize(50,000km2;19,305mi2),relativesimplicityinitsstructureandstratigraphy,andwealthofsurfaceandsubsurfacedatamaketheMaracaiboBasinanattractivetargetforbasinwidesynthesis.Theobjectiveofthisarticleistopresentare-gionalcompilationoftwo-dimensional(2-D)andthree-dimensional(3-D)seismicdata,wells,andoutcropdataatabasinwidescaletorevealthebasin抯3-Dstructureandstratigraphy.Moreover,weshowregionaltectonicreconstructions,regionalgeologicmaps,andbasinsubsidencehistorytobetterconstrainfourmajortectoniceventsthataffectedthebasinandthatarecriticalforunderstandingthetiminganddistributionofmajorunconformitiesandclasticwedges,thedistributionoftheres