英语简单句的五种基本句型综述.doc

英语简单句的五种基本句型英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。请先看下列句子：He has been a teacher for ten years. He teaches in our school. He teaches English. He teaches us English. We elect him monitor of our class. 这五个基本句式如下：??S十V主谓结构? ??S十V十P主系表结构??S十V十O主谓宾结构??S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构??S十V十O十OC主谓宾宾补结构??(说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；OC＝宾语补足语)五个基本句式详细解释如下： 1．S十V句式: 主语+不及物动词如：??They listened carefully．他们听得很仔细。?Great changes have taken place in our city. 说明：该句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词,不及物动词后面不跟宾语，但可跟状语。例如：1).??Can you guess?? 2).??She can’t come. 3).??Please come in and sit down. 4).??John works very hard. 5).??I usually walk to school, but sometimes come by bus. 6).??Mrs Brown went to see her doctor. 7).??He did not come out again. 8).??I’m coming back in a minute. ???? 不及物动词在句中可单独使用，后面不附带其他成分〔例1）2）〕，后面也可以跟副词〔例3）4）〕，介词短语〔例5）〕，动词不等式〔例6）〕，在句中起各种状语作用，修饰谓语动词；此外，还可跟副词性补足语，补足动词的意义，在补足语后跟副词、介词短语等，在句中起状语作用〔例7）8),〕等。2．S十V十P句式主语+连系动词+表语??He seems interested in the book．他似乎对这本书感兴趣。??The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。??He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。说明：该句型一般被称为系表结构。由于连系动词所表达的意义不完整，不能单独作谓语，需和表语一起作谓语。连系动词根据其表达的意义可分为以下三种：1.??表示主语处于某种状态或具备某种性质。这类词常见的有：be (是); look (看起来); feel (摸起来,觉得); seem (似乎,好像); smell (闻上去); sound (听起来); taste (尝起来),等。 ?2.??表示主语进入某种状态或变得具有某种性质。这类词常见的有：become (成为,变得); get (逐渐变得); grow (渐渐变得); turn (变成),等。3.??????表示主语保持某种状态或继续具备某种性质。这类词常见的有：keep (保持,继续); remain (依然,仍然); stay (停留,保持下去),等。例如1).??It looks much better now.? 2).??The trees turn green. 3).??OK. Listen, that’s the bell. 4).??He is our English teacher. 5).??Everyone is here, but Jim’s away. 6).??He is at the cinema. 7).??It looks like a chicken. 8).??His wish was to become a teacher. 9).??Seeing is believing. 10). That book is very interesting. 11). Wei Hua’s pen was broken 12). That’s why I was late for class. ?? 表语用来表示主语的身份、状态或性质。能在句中作表语的有形容词〔例1）2）〕，名词〔例3）4）〕，副词〔例5）〕，介词短语〔例6）7）〕，不定式短语〔例8）〕，动词-ing形式〔例9）10）〕，过去分词〔例11）〕，从句〔例12）〕，等。3．S十V十O句式: 主语+及物动词+宾语??I saw a film yesterday．我昨天看了一部电影