应用化工技术09级1班毛月明..doc

淀粉基高分子材料的研究进展 毛月明 （四川理工学院，四川自贡，643000） 摘 要 概述了近 5 年国内外在淀粉的化学 物理改性及其作为一种材料使用方面取得的最新研究进展. 淀粉的化学改性主要介绍了淀粉的酯化 醚化 氧化 交联 接枝共聚等， 而物理改性主要介绍了淀粉分别与黏土 脂肪族聚酯 聚乙烯醇以及纤维素等天然大分子的共混改性， 同时还介绍了通过酸化制备淀粉纳米晶. 淀粉基材料除了用于制备可生物降解塑料 吸附材料等传统领域外， 近年来还被用于组织工程支架 药物释放载体等生物医用领域. 淀粉是植物经光合作用而形成的碳水化合物， 其来源广泛 价格低廉 降解后仍以二氧化碳和水的形式回到大自然， 被认为是完全没有污染的天然可再生的材料， 在非食用领域得到了广泛的研究和开发. 由于淀粉具有不溶于冷水 抗剪切性差 耐水性差以及缺乏熔融流动性等缺点， 使得它难以单独作为一种高分子材料使用， 需要对其进行化学/物理改性来增强某些机能或形成新的物化特性. 改性后的淀粉除了用于造纸 纺织 胶黏剂 超吸水材料 水处理絮凝剂 发泡材料等传统领域外， 还可以用于制备生物降解塑料 组织工程支架 药物释放载体 物活性物质的载体等. 本文综述了近 5 年来淀粉的化学/物理改性及其应用等方面取得的主要进展情况 Bstract Starch， as a natural polymer， has the advantages of renewability， biodegradability， abundance andw cost， and has received great attention in non- food applications for a long time. However， starch cannot besed alone as a polymeric material due to its insolubility in cold water， poor shearing stability and wateresistance， and absence of melting flow. Therefore， it should be chemically / physically modified in order torengthen some functions or form some new properties. This review provides an insight into some developmentsn the chemical and physical modification of starch for its applications in biodegradable plastics， absorptionaterials， tissue engineering scaffold and drug carriers primarily based on the publications that appeared duringhe last five years. The chemical modification of starch included esterification，etherification，oxidation，rosslinking and graft polymerization. The physical modification of starch focused on the blending of starch withher biodegradable polymers such as aliphatic polyesters，poly( vinyl alcohol ) and other naturalacromolecules. Starch nanocrystals obtained by acid hydrolysis were also reviewed，and they can beunctionalized or used to enhance the mechanical properties of starch or other poymer materials. As a kind ofenewable material， starch， especially the non- food starch should receive more and more attentions in thereparation of practical polymeric materials in the future.