Outerspace外太空..docxVIP

外太空（outer space）：外太空指的是地球稠密大气层之外的空间区域，并没有明确的界线分野。又称为宇宙空间，指的是相对于地球天空中大气层之外的虚空区域，外太空通常用来和领空（领土）划分区别；虽然称为空，却也并非虚无缥缈。外太空也简称太空，一般定义为大约距离地球表面1000千米之外的空间。国际航空联合会定义在100公里的高度为卡门线，为现行大气层和太空的界线定义。美国认定到达海拔80公里的人为太空人，在太空船重返地球的过程中，120公里是空气阻力开始发生作用的边界。外太空的环境：一、低温，极低的温度，约为 -273摄氏度。已非常接近极限低温了。二、真空，极好的真空，比人类在实验室中制造的最好的真空还要“空”几个数量级。三、强辐射，对我们人类现在的科技水平来说，这强辐射主要来自我们的太阳。因为恒星都是巨大的热核反应堆，所以伴随着光和热向四周发散的就是强辐射。四、失重，就是所有物体在外太空都是可以随意漂浮的，当然前提是周围没有大的天体，不会有引力来干扰这失重。五、空，极空。可能老祖宗早都知道这一点，所以居然用了“太空”这么一个词。外太空天体间的距离很大，以光年计也要成十上百的。失重：The condition of apparent weightlessness occurring when the centrifugal force on a body exactly counterbalances the gravitational attraction on it.真空：Vacuum is /wiki/Space \o Spacespace that is devoid of /wiki/Matter \o Mattermatter. The word stems from the Latin adjective vacuus for vacant or void. An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous /wiki/Pressure \o Pressurepressure much less than /wiki/Atmospheric_pressure \o Atmospheric pressureatmospheric pressure.[1] Physicists often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they sometimes simply call vacuum or free space, and use the term partial vacuum to refer to an actual imperfect vacuum as one might have in a laboratory or in /wiki/Outer_space \o Outer spacespace. The Latin term in vacuo is used to describe an object as being in what would otherwise be a vacuum.The quality of a partial vacuum refers to how closely it approaches a perfect vacuum. Other things equal, lower gas /wiki/Pressure \o Pressurepressure means higher-quality vacuum. For example, a typical /wiki/Vacuum_cleaner \o Vacuum cleanervacuum cleaner produces enough /wiki/Suction \o Suctionsuction to reduce air pressure by around 20%.[2] Much higher-quality vacuums are possible. Ultra-high vacuum chambers, common in chemistry, physics, and engineering, operate below one trillionth (10?12) of atmospheric pressure (100?nPa), and can reach around 100 particles/cm3./wiki/Vacuum \l cite_note-Gabrielse-3[3] /wiki/Outer_spac