如何幫助學生成功─青少年發展性資產的內涵與應用.pptVIP

如何提高學生學習動機 黃德祥 大葉大學教育專業發展研究所 教授兼學務長 dhhuang@mail.dyu.edu.tw 當前的大學生？ 一言難盡？！ 百感交集？！ 學生學習行為的類型 Satisfied（滿足型、成就型） Anxious（焦慮型） Defensive (防禦型） Safe（安全型） Hopeless（無助型） 動機(Motivation) 一種內在驅動力，使之朝著所期望的目標前進的過程 動機的定義與內涵? Motivation: DEFINITION: From the Latin verb movere (to move, 行動). 名詞的動機：個人所有力量之總和 動詞的動機：提供某人去做某件事的原因 How respond people to the difficulties, problems, failures, and setbacks they encounter as they pursue long-term goals Motivation Motivation is the activation or energization of goal-oriented behavior. Motivation may be internal or external. 赫茲伯格(Herzberg)的雙因素理論(1959) 產生動機的因素——「動機因素」(Motivators )：挑戰性工作、成就、增加工作責任、賞識等 不產生動機的因素──「保健因素」(Motivators )：工資、人際關係改善、良好的工作條件等 麥克利蘭(David McClelland)的成就需要理論 (1961) 成就需要：希望做得最好、爭取成功的需要。 權力需要：不受他人控制、影響或控制他人的需要。 親和需要：建立友好親密的人際關係的需要。 五因子工作特徵理論 (Richard Hackman 和 Greg Oldham,1968) 技能多樣性（skill Variety）、 任務同一性（task Identity）、 工作重要性（task Significance）、 自主性（Autonomy）和 工作反饋（Feedback）。 Motivation in education Direct behavior toward particular goals Lead to increased effort and energy Increase initiation of, and persistence in, activities Enhance cognitive processing Determine what consequences are reinforcing Lead to improved performance. Intrinsic motivation V. Extrinsic motivation Intrinsic motivation occurs when people are internally motivated to do something because it either brings them pleasure, they think it is important, or they feel that what they are learning is significant. Extrinsic motivation comes into play when a student is compelled to do something or act a certain way because of factors external to him or her (like money or good grades). 動機的內涵 Goals: the extent to which we focus on a goal to learn or as a reflection of ability （目標） Beliefs about one’s competence Casual attributions: reasons about why we succeed or fail Self-efficacy: beliefs about our competence to perform a task （信念） Self-worth: a concern with protecting perceptions of our own ability Learned helple