大戦間の「文化研究」と自由主義イングランドの奇怪な死 -日英文学会.docVIP

大戦間の「文化研究」と自由主義イングランドの奇怪な死 日本英文学会第78回全国大会シンポジウム 河野真太郎（京都ノートルダム女子大学） e-mail: kono@notredame.ac.jp I 「ブルームズベリー?グループ」から「オーデン?グループ」へ？ ──文学史?文化?共同体 「メタカルチャー」と…… 　　（１）文学史　（２）共同体（階級）　（３）共同体（イングランド性と帝国主義） II「文化」をめぐる争い──1930-33 1) [D]on’t be either a highbrow or lowbrow. Be a man. Be a broad-brow. (qtd. in Cuddy-Keane, 24) 2) His[Cultured person’s] philosophical opinions will be found as a rule, judged by the standards of the merely educated, to be at once startlingly revolutionary and startlingly reactionary. Thus Mr. Wells, valuable and sincere thinker though he is, will never quite satisfy a cultured taste because he is neither revolutionary enough nor reactionary enough. One always feels that a merely educated man holds his philosophical views as if they were so many pennies in his pocket. They are separate from life. Whereas with a cultured man there is no gap or lacuna between his opinions and his life. Both are dominated by the same organic, inevitable fatality. (Powys, 10) Mass (/Alienated) Popular (/English, Organic) M. Arnold Anarchy, Philistinism Culture F. R. Leavis Mass civilisation Minority culture J. C. Powys The educated The cultured (/contemplation) J. B. Priestly Highbrow and lowbrow Broad-brow V. Woolf Middlebrow Lowbrow (Nazism Jews Germanic farmers) (CS Bourgeois / Working class culture (‘English’) Working class culture) III 縮小する島 J. C. Powys, Glastonbury Romance (1933), E. M. Forster, “Abinger Pageant” (performed in Surrey 1934), T. S. Eliot, The Rock (performed at Sadler’s Wells Theatre 1934), Virginia Woolf, Between the Acts (1941) 3) Jameson’s essay applies a Lukacsian notion of modernism as literature par excellence of lost social totality to imperial England, described as a center that no longer possesses full knowledge of itself If the metaphor of lost totality is the central deep structures of imperialism and modernism, it follows that the end of empire might be taken to augur a basic repair or reintegration of English cu