拟南芥表皮毛发育机制导论.ppt

Molecular Control of Arabidopsis Trichomes Development 姓名：王岩 学号：2014051614 生命学院遗传专业 Main content 1. abstract about trichomes in Arabidopsis 2. the process of trichomes development 3. molecular control of Arabidopsis trichomes development 4. conclusion * * * 1. Abstract: In Arabidopsis, trichomes are typically unicellular structures and produced on nearly all the aerial organs except for the hypocotyl and the cotyledons. Its function is protection against plant-eating animals attack. In the last two decades, molecular mechanisms involved in the initiation and development of trichomes have been investigated with the objective of analyzing factors controlling cell fate and differentiation in plant cells. With the availability of a large number of trichome-related mutants in Arabidopsis, many key regulators controlling trichome formation have been identified. In Arabidopsis, trichomes on rosette leaves are large single cells,usually with three branches, and until now have been the subject of research. 2.发育过程 建立在形态学标准基础上, 拟南芥表皮毛发育分为6个阶段: 阶段1: 最开始, 一个定向的表皮细胞相对于周围的表皮细胞快速膨胀(图1A),细胞核进行核内复制。表皮毛细胞之间大约相隔3-4个细胞 阶段2: 当表皮毛前期细胞扩展到比周围细胞直径大2–3倍时, 开始出现垂直于表皮细胞层面的凸起, 产生了表皮毛细胞的杆状结构(图1A)。 阶段3: 紧接着, 正在生长的细胞顶端发育出细胞增大的共轭焦点, 表皮毛分支开始发生(图1A)。拟南芥叶表皮毛根据地理品系一般会形成2–4个分支。分支的方向与叶片基部到顶部轴向相互对齐, 且分支间的角度非常规则 阶段4:在所有分支发生后, 细胞通过弥散性生长继续增大,这样该细胞在直径和高度上就会有所增大。开始, 正在生长的表皮毛分支是钝的(图1A) 表皮毛细胞形态发生的不同发育阶段(每个细胞右下角的数字表示特定的发育阶段) 阶段5: 顶端逐渐变尖(图1B) 阶段6: 在细胞增大停止后, 表皮毛细胞表面 形成数量不等的乳突(图1B), 周围由1圈表皮支持细胞围绕 3. Arabidopsis trichomes: a model of trichome development and regulation the activator–inhibitor mechanism: Initial epidermal cells equivalently express trichome-promoting factors, which can activate repressors but result in different cell fate in the neighboring cells. Numerous trichome-related mutants have enabled the identification of many trichome patterning genes, which can be divided into two types:trichome-positive and