《水污染现状.docVIP

《我国水污染问题的合理解决办法》 鲁曦 电子工程学院，2013211021,369721175@摘要：水是动植物体内和人的身体中不可缺少的物质，可以说，没有水就没有生命的存在。另外，人类生活中的衣食住行都离不开水。工农业生产中也不能离开水，水是工农业生产的重要原料。在农业生产中消耗的淡水量占人类消耗淡水总量的60%—80%，工业上也要用大量的水进行生产。另外，水在内河与海洋运输上也起着重要作用。在自然界中淡水量不到水总量的1%。据21世纪城市水资源国际学术研讨会透露，联合国已经把我国列为世界上13个最缺水的国家之一，目前我国人均用水量是世界人均用水量的30%左右。人类现在用水量越来越大，且污染也越来越严重，这就要求我们要保护水资源。 　　关键词：流域水环境质量；水环境管理；水污染控制策略 《Reasonable solution to the problem of water pollution》 Lu Xi Abstract: Water plants and animals and is indispensable to the human body substances, we can say there is no water there is no life exists. In addition, the basic necessities of human life are inseparable from water. Industrial and agricultural production can not leave the water, the water is an important raw material in industrial and agricultural production. In agricultural production accounts for human consumption of fresh water consumption 60% -80% of the total fresh water, but also on industrial production with plenty of water. Further, the water in the river and marine transportation also plays an important role. In nature, the amount of fresh water is less than 1% of the total water. According to the 21st Century International Conference on Urban Water revealed that the United Nations has put our country as one of the worlds 13 most water-stressed countries, Chinas per capita water consumption is about 30% of the world per capita water consumption. Humanity is now increasing water consumption and pollution has become increasingly serious, which requires us to protect water resources. Keywords: water environment quality; water environment management; pollution control strategy 　　1 中国流域水污染状况 　　经近20年的改革开放使经济迅猛发展，同时也带来了诸多环境问题，尤其是流域水污染十分突出，严重制约着流域社会经济和环境的可持续发展。 中国水环境监测网络 全国水环境质量监测站网分4级控制，分别为国控测点、省控测点、市控测点站和县级测点，省控以上地表水监测网络共有：1868条河流、182个湖泊和440个水库，共设置监测断面9000多个。国家地表水监测网络共有：由260个重点监测站组成，监测250条河流、18个湖泊和10个水库，监测断面759个。目前已初步形成水质自动监测能力，其中有国家投资建设82个，地方投资建设79个，总数已达161个。 流域水污染状况 [1] 2003年度7大水系409个重点监测断面中，38.1%的断面满足Ⅰ～Ⅲ类水质要求，32.2%的断面属Ⅳ、Ⅴ类水质，29.7%的断面属劣Ⅴ类水质