NI VISION边缘检测.docxVIP

Definition of an EdgeAn?edge?is a significant change in the grayscale values between adjacent pixels in an image. In NI?Vision, edge detection works on a 1D profile of pixel values along a search region, as shown in the following figure. The?1D search region can take the form of a line, the perimeter of a circle or ellipse, the boundary of a rectangle or polygon, or a freehand region. The software analyzes the pixel values along the profile to detect significant intensity changes. You can specify characteristics of the intensity changes to determine which changes constitute an edge.1??Search Lines2??EdgesCharacteristics of an EdgeThe following figure illustrates a common model that is used to characterize an edge.Gray LevelIntensitiesSearchDirection??1??Grayscale Profile2??Edge Length3??Edge Strength4??Edge LocationThe following list includes the main parameters of this model.Edge strength—Defines the minimum difference in the grayscale values between the background and the edge. The edge strength is also called the edge contrast. The following figure shows an image that has different edge strengths. The strength of an edge can vary for the following reasons:Lighting conditions—If the overall light in the scene is low, the edges in image will have low strengths. The following figure illustrates a change in the edge strength along the boundary of an object relative to different lighting conditions.Objects with different grayscale characteristics—The presence of a very bright object causes other objects in the image with lower overall intensities to have edges with smaller strengths.ABCEdge length—Defines the distance in which the desired grayscale difference between the edge and the background must occur. The length characterizes the slope of the edge. Use a longer edge length, defined by the size of the kernel used to detect edges, to detect edges with a gradual transition between the background and the edge.Edge location—The?x,?y?location of an edge in the image.Ed