新·4 Computer Peripherals.pptVIP

Unit 4 Computer Peripherals Computer-System Input/Output 1.Computer-System Input In order to use the information and applications of a computer system, you need some ways to input commands and text to the system. (Commands are instructions that direct a device to perform a certain job. They can be words, keystrokes, or choices from a list.) 为了使用计算机系统中的信息和应用程序， （1）Interactive Input 交互式输入 The idea of interactive input is to capture information directly into computers and get responses from computers as the input occurs. This happens when you type on a keyboard and immediately see the results of your work on a screen. It is so called as screen-dependent. 交互式输入是指进行输入操作时，捕获的信息直接输入计算机，并得到计算机的响应。 Keyboard entry may be too slow or awkward for some jobs, but the keyboard can be bypassed by using one of a number of other interactive devices. 对于某些工作，也许使用键盘输入太慢或难于使用， Most of todays microcomputers, for example, include a mouse or a trackball that lets you use natural arm or hand motions to move the cursor (See Fig. 4-1). 例如，目前大部分微型计算机都配有鼠标或轨迹球， Some screens themselves accept interactive input: The touch screen looks like a normal computer screen, but it can detect the point at which you touch. 有些屏幕本身可接收交互式输入： Technical applications such as graphic arts, mapping, and engineering often require specialized input methods. Perhaps the most natural tools are the light pen and the graphics tablet or digitizer. 光笔、绘图板或数字化仪应该是最常用的工具了。 （2）Direct Input 直接输入 In an information system, the greatest majority of delays, errors, and problems occur during the input phase. To attack the problem, a number of methods have been developed to increase speed, accuracy, and reliability of input. Collectively, these techniques have been referred to as source data automation. Scanning, voice input, and sensor input are three types of direct input. Scanners, also called optical scanners, are devices that read printed material so that it can be put in compute