高考英语一轮复习语法专题第一部分专题二非谓语动词.docVIP

1．非谓语动词作状语 (1)不定式作状语 ①表示目的 I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired. ②不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前常加only。 George returned after the war，only to be told that his wife had left him. (2)现在分词作状语 ①一般式doing 表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。 The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing the mountain in golden light. ②完成式having done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。 I got to the office earlier that day，having caught the 7：30 train from Paddington. ③被动式having been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。 Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.(被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前) (3)过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系。 Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.(被动关系) Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.(主动关系) 2．非谓语动词作定语 (1)现在分词 现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。 Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mails waiting for her. (2)动词不定式 不定式作定语表未做的事情。 His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 不定式作定语的特殊用法： ①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。 ②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。 There is no one to look after her. ③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。 She is now looking for a room to live in. (3)过去分词 过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。 You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts. His first book published last month is based on a true story. 注意：表示心理状态的动词-ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词-ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。 3．非谓语动词作宾语 (1)动词afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等后面接不定式作宾语；动词come，get，grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地……”。 David refused to accept my invitation. She has a hot temper，but you will grow to like her. 下列词语后可接“疑问词＋不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find out，advise，discuss等。 I don’t know how to deal with this kind of matter. (2)动词admit，appreci