高考英语一轮复习语法专题第三部分专题一定语从句.docVIP

1．功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。 2．位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。 Those who are for the plan raise your hands，please. 3．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some-，any-，every-，no- 与 -body，-thing的合成词；或all，none，any，some，that，those等代词。数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。 4．关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。 关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等。 关系副词：when，where，why等。 5．确定关系词的步骤： (1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。 (2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。 (1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. (2)关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places we can visit (them) in China. 6．在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which： (1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 (2)先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，few等修饰时。 (3)先行词为all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代词时。 (4)先行词中既有人又有物时。 He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus. (5)先行词在主句中作表语时。 The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. (6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which are the books that you bought for me? 7．宜用which而不用that的情况： (1)在非限制性定语从句中。 (2)在关系词前有介词时。 (3)当先行词本身是that时。 (4)关系词后有插入语时。 8．关系词who与that指人时，根据不同情况分别用不同的关系词。 (1)当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。 (2)先行词是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等词时，关系词用who。 (3)当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。 Who is that girl that is standing by the window? (4)whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。 9．whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。 Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving? There is a room，whose window faces the river. 10．关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。 (1)先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many(much)中，从句都用as 引导。 Such books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago. 注意：①such...that...引导结果状语从句。如：They are such lovely children that we love them much。②the same...that...引导定语从句。如：I want to use the same tool that you used just now. (2)先行词为句子的定语从句用as和which引导。 区别：①意义上：as 含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。which引导的非限制定语从句只能放在主句之后。 He didn’t pass the exam，as we had expected. There is lots of air in loose snow，which can keep the cold out. As is known，the earth is round. 11．关系副词when与where，why，that when 指时间＝i