汽車检测站设计外文翻译.docVIP

原文一 2.1 Common System Configurations All chassis dynamometers have several key features in common. Most importantly, a means of absorbing the power output from the test vehicle’s engine is needed to allow different loads to be applied for a variety of testing procedures. Energy is transmitted to this power absorber via a direct connection to the vehicle’s wheel hubs, or through a set of rollers, which are rotated by the wheels of the test vehicle. Flywheels and/or a motoring capability may also be included if vehicle inertia is to be simulated. Descriptions of inertia simulation and the modelling of various vehicle forces are included in Chapter 3. Systems that incorporate a set of large rollers (one roller for each driven wheel) are more common in applications requiring long term running of the vehicle, in which tyre overheating can occur. Hub dynamometers are best suited to engine tuning applications which demand rapid response and minimal set-up time between tests. A common and versatile dynamometer layout consists of a single DC or AC machine mounted outside the rollers and on the same axis, as shown in Figure 2.1. . Output power is most commonly absorbed by hydraulic or electric machines—also known as dynamometers—which dissipate power either as heat or electrical energy. A single unit that can perform both motoring (power output) and generating (power absorption) functions is a common feature in commercially available chassis dynamometers. All but the simplest of garage tuning dynamometers include the capacity to measure the equivalent road speed and tractive force applied at the vehicle’s wheels. Chassis dynamometers for in-depth driving cycle and vehicle mapping tests customarily incorporate many different measuring devices, which are sampled and recorded by a computer-controlled data acquisition system. Common features of interest during a dynamometer test include the exhaust emissions (such as CO, CO2, NOX and unburnt hydrocarbons), vehicle cooling wa