语言学_Language_and_Society解析.pptVIP

Language and Society What is supposed to happen when two English people who have never met before come face to face in a train? Interrelation between language and society Language is not always used to exchange information as is generally assumed, but rather it is sometimes used to fulfill an important social function – to maintain social relationship between people. The relatedness between language and society --There are many more indications of the inter-relationship between language and society. The use of language is in part determined by the user’s social background. (social class, age, sex, education level, etc.) Language, especially the structure of its lexicon, reflects both the physical and the social environments of a society. As a social phenomenon language is closely related to the structure of the society in which it is used, the evaluation of a linguistic form is entirely social ( the postvocalic [r] ). Interrelation between language and society Any use of language is socially marked/stamped. “You are what you say.” (尔即尔所言) 简单说来，语言现象与社会现象的关系就是一种“共变”的关系，互相影响，语言影响社会，社会影响语言 Two kinds of sociolinguistic study A sociolinguistic study of language (central concern of sociolinguistics) 从语言的社会属性出发，用社会学的方法研究语言，从社会的角度解释语言变体和语言演变。 A sociolinguistic study of society (Sociology of language) 从语言变体和语言演变的事实，来解释相关的社会现象及其演变和发展的过程。 Two approaches to sociolinguistic studies Macro sociolinguistics （a bird’s-eye view） 研究国家或地区的语言状况及其与社会发展的相互关系（双语制或多语制社团中的语言选择、语言规划、语言态度等方面的研究） Micro sociolinguistics （a worm’s-eye view） 研究小群体的言语特征及其与社会环境的相互关系（言语行为、言语事件、话语的顺序，同时还探讨一个群体所用的语言的变化与社会因素的关系） A sociolinguistic study of language Speech communities Language, dialects, and varieties Register Speech communities 言语社团 A group of people who form a community, which may has as few members as a family or as many as a country, and share the same language or a particular speech variety of language. 指形成一个社团，小到一个家庭大到一个国家，并有一种共同的言语或言语变体的一群人。 Language, dialects, and v