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摘 要 在西方20世纪的哲学界，出现了一位思想独到的德裔犹太人思想家——恩斯特?卡西尔。他的思想独树一帜，成为20世纪众多流派中的一枝，是当代哲学中德高望众的人物之一。他的思想对当代哲学、历史、宗教、文化等等领域产生了重大的影响，也是文化哲学、符号哲学、符号美学等现代流派的先驱。 恩斯特?卡西尔的研究领域很广泛，涉猎了语言学、神话学、哲学、政治、他学术思想前期注重研究认识论和方法论等问题。但是其影响最大的还是他的符号文化学，这也是他最有特点的学术思想，对哲学、文化等学科影响深远。 恩斯特?卡西尔的符号文化哲学，主要是围绕着，人是符号化的动物，人生活的各个方面都是由符号形成的，人生活的各个方面又都形成了文化，这样，符号从人本身扩展到了文化，同时符号的形成也是人本身本质的体现。卡西尔还是在哲学的形而上角度来思考人的本质，受到了康德主义的影响，他也是新康德主义的代表。可贵的地方是，他跳出了完全的形式，进入到了文化这个更广的层面。这也为现代哲学思想提供了一条新的思考途径。 恩斯特?卡西尔的神话学思想是他哲学思想中较独特的思想，不仅对他本身的哲学产生影响，还是他哲学的一部分，同时也是神话学研究的重要的资源。他的神话学思想是他符号文化哲学的基础，指出了符号的产生和与人的紧密关系，这是他符号文化哲学的思维基础，而且，神话也是文化的一部分，同时还上升到国家的层次。这些形成了有机的链条。为我们研究卡西尔的思想和解决当代思想中关于人和文化问题的思考，以及神话学的研究提供了宝贵的思想启示。 关键词 符号；主体意识；语言；人性；国家 Abstract There has been a German Jewish thinker - Ernst Cassirer who has unique thinking in the 20th century in Western philosophical circles. His ideas is unique and he is known as the contemporary German philosophy . His ideas have had a major impact of contemporary philosophy, history, religion, culture and so on. He is also a pioneer in the area of cultural philosophy , symbols philosophy ,the modern aesthetic. Research areas of Ernst Cassirer are very wide, such as linguistics, mythology, philosophy, political. However, His symbols culture is very important and it has also become the most feature academic thinking on philosophy, culture and other disciplines. Ernst Cassirers philosophy of symbolic culture is mainly about symbols. People are the symbols of animals and t all aspects of the life of people are formed culture. In this way, symbols extended to the culture by the people. The formation of symbols is results of human nature itself. Think nature of human from philosophy point of view Kant has been influenced it who was also the representative of the new Kantism. It is valuable that he jumped out of the form completely and jumped into the culture. This is has provided a way of thinking f or the modern philosophy. Ernst Cassirer’s myth thought is the more unique ideas of his philosophy. It not o