《清华-沈厚发-内蒙.docVIP

现代大方坯连铸机辊列设计 郭亮亮，李百炼2，鲁 斌2，姚 曼1，沈厚发3 （1.大连理工大学材料科学与工程学院，1, Li Bailian2, Lu Bin2, Yao Man1，Shen Houfa3 (1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; 2. Shanghai Metallurgy Continuous Casting Technologies Co. LTD., Shanghai 201323, China; 3. Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China) Abstract: There are several essential design principles for the continuous bloom casters with the characteristic of either the multi-point or the continuous bending and straightening, for example, the definition of the machine type, the casting speed, the main segment radius, etc. On the basis of these mentioned principles, the design procedure and methods of the bloom caster with multi-point as well as continuous bending and straightening have been provided, in which the former emphasizes the compact roller and straightening zones and the later introduces the improved Concast curve to eliminate the joints error of segment radius, respectively. Finally, an illustration of the curved roll layout design with the bloom section of 300mm×360mm is presented, and the corresponding results are analyzed and discussed. These principles and essentials conduce the roll layout design of the continuous bloom caster. Key words: continuous casting; bloom; roll layout; multi-point bending and straightening; continuous bending and straightening 1 引言 20世纪90年代前，我国基本上是采用小方坯连铸机。随着科学技术的发展，世界各国均向大方坯连铸机方展。大方坯一般指矩形断面厚度大于250 mm的连铸坯，它主要用于轧制重轨、硬线、棒材、锻材、大中型的H型钢、槽钢、角钢、圆钢和无缝钢管坯等[1]。1997年包钢大方坯连铸机的投产，揭开了国内采用大方坯连铸机生产重轨钢的历史。表1和表2分别列举了20世纪80年代以来国内外投产的具有代表性的大方坯连铸机组，包括工厂名称、铸机的投产年月、年生产能力、铸坯断面尺寸、圆弧半径、拉坯速度、矫直点数(或连续矫直)、铸机长度和密排导辊数等。 连铸大方坯的钢种大多为中、高碳钢和低合金钢。由于铸坯断面较大，在浇注过程中容易出现铸坯鼓肚变形、弯矫变形和中心偏析等，从而造成铸坯表面缺陷和内部缺陷。高碳钢和合金钢因其凝固温度区间较大，即固液共存区间较宽，加之固态导热系数较大，易于形成发达的柱状晶区域，从而在连铸坯中常极易产生中间裂纹；同时，在凝固后期存在快速凝固区间。这就使得大方坯的中心部位易出现疏松、夹杂，以及程度不同的缩孔、微裂纹与夹杂。大方坯的凝固特性决定了其辊列设计的特点。