基本拧紧技术Rev解剖.ppt

* The clamp force which is created by the screw acts in two places: -under the head and -in the thread. The pitch of the thread is small in order to prevent the screw joint from falling apart by itself. The friction could for instance decrease by hugh frquency vibrations spinning the screw loose. * * * * * * * * * * * For a static force the statement is correct then it is safe to have a clamp load which is just larger than the external load. A dynamic load should be much smaller than this. Depending of how the external forces act and of which nature they are the joint should be designed in such a way the it the aditional load on the screw from a pulling force is small. * Elastic and permanent deformation – yield. Tightening too much will stretch the screw until it breaks. This means that when using torque controlled tightening the final torque allways has to be set in such a way that you never reach the yield point. * * Joint relaxation (creep) occurs to some extent in all joints and is caused by the parts in the joint collapsing under the clamping force. Relaxation is a particular problem on joints where gaskets or spring washers are present. On these joints it can take a long time before the joint settles and the result is that the clamping force is reduced until the conditions are stabilised. Solution: The joint can be retightened once the creep has stabilised. The fastener can be tightened to a high torque, then undone and finally retightened to the correct torque. In most joints 60-70% of the creep occurs within 30 ms. That means that you can do the tightening in two steps, first to a torque close to your final torque, then stop the tool and continue to your final torque more than 30 ms later. * Examples of hard joints would be: Seat belts in a car, the fly wheel, generally joints with a small ratio between thread diameter and clamp length are hard joints. Examples of soft joints would be: U-bolts (bolts clamping leaf springs on trucks), fuel tank