2016物理专业英语摘要.pptVIP

物理专业英语 Summary of key Terms（关键词汇总） Force（力） A quantity capable of producing motion or a change in motion. 一种能产生运动或运动中的变化量。 Net force（合力） The equivalent or resultant force of two or more forces. 等效或两个或更多的力的合成。 Newton’s first law of motion (law of inertia) （牛顿第一定律，惯性定律） An object remains at rest or in uniform motion with a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net unbalanced force. 一个物体保持静止或匀速运动，一恒定的速度，除非是按净不平衡力。 Inertia（惯性） The property if matter that resists changes in motion. Mass is a measure of inertia. 改变物质的性质，抵抗运动中的变化。质量是衡量惯性的量。 Newton’s second law of motion （牛顿第二定律）F=ma. Relates force to acceleration. 涉及力和加速度。 Friction （摩擦力） The force that opposes the relative motion of contacting media. 反对接触介质的相对运动的力。 Mass （质量） The quantity of matter in an object. More specifically, it is the measurement of the inertia or sluggishness that an object exhibits in response to any effort made to start it, or change in any way its state of motion. 一个对象的物质的量。更具体地说，它是一个物体具有影响于开始它的任何惯性，或以任何方式改变其运动状态。 Weight （重量）The force due to gravity on an object. 施加在一个物体的重力。 Free fall an object falling with only gravity acting on it 自由落体 一个物体下落时只受重力作用 Terminal velocity the maximum constant velocity that a non-freely falling object reaches when a retarding force balances the gravitation force and the object’s acceleration is zero 最大速度 一个非自由落体运动物体，当所受的阻力和重力平衡时，物体加速度为0 Momentum the product of the mass of an object and its velocity 动量 一个物体和速度的乘积 Impulse the product of the force acting on an object and the tine during which it acts 冲量 一个物体所受的力和在这个力作用下所用时间的乘积 Elastic collision a collision in which colliding objects rebound without lasting deformation or the generation of heat 弹性碰撞 相互碰撞的两物体没有发生行变和热量 Inelastic collision a collision in which the colliding objects become distorted and generated heat during the collision 非弹性碰撞 在碰撞过程中物体变形且产生热量 Power the time rare of work P=W/t 功率 做功和时间的比值 p=w/t