《定语从句知识要点及练习一.docVIP

定语从句知识要点及练习（一） 定语从句在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词后面。引导定语从句的关系代词 1) 连接作用 (引导定语从句，连接从句和主句) 2) 替代作用 (在从句中替代前面的先行词或整个句子) 3) 成分作用 (在从句中必须要担任一个成分) I.关系代词在定语从句中的具体用法 1. who指人, 在从句中作主语(或宾语)． The girl who took you to my place is my friend. 2.whom指人, 在从句中作宾语． The young men whom/who he employs are always complaining about their long hours． 3.whose表示所属关系, 指人或指物, 在从句中作定语． The film is about a spy whose wife betrays him． 4.4.that指人或指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语． All the apples that fall down are eaten by the pigs． The young lady that wears a blue blouse is a singer． 5.which指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语． The stairs which lead to the language lab are rather slippery． II.限制性和非限制性定语从句 根据定语从句与先行词的关系是否紧密, 可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 限制性定语从句往往紧跟在先行词后，不使用逗号分开, 翻译成中文时, 一般把定语从句翻译在被修饰词 (即先行词) 前面。而非限制性定语从句，一般使用逗号隔开, 可把定语从句翻译在被修饰词 (即先行词) 前面, 也可以翻译在其后, 作为附加说明．有时, 对两者的理解还会产生歧义。 Lao Wangs brother who is twenty years old is a PLA man． 老王的那位20岁的弟弟是一位解放军战士．(不只一个兄弟) Lao Wangs brother, who is twenty years old, is a PLA man． 老王的弟弟今年20岁, 他是一位解放军战士．(不清楚有几个兄弟) III.关系代词that和which的区别 关系代词that和which在指物时，一般可以通用，但各自又有特殊用法，此时不可混用。 1.只能用that不能用which的情况 ①先行词是不定代词all, something, anything, everything, none, the one, little, much等时, 要用that, 而不用which． All that heard the news was delighted.所有听到这个消息的人都很高兴． Is there anything that I can do for you?我能为您做点什么？ ②先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时, 要用that, 而不用which． He was the best king that ever ruled the country．他是曾统治过这个国家的最好的一位国王． ③先行词前有序数词修饰时, 要用that, 而不用which This is the fifth book that I have ever written．这是我写好的第五本书． ④先行词前有形容词only, very, few, little, no, right等修饰时, 要用that, 而不用which． She was the only person that was invited to the palace． ⑤先行词既指人, 又指物时, 只能使用that. They talked about things and persons that they remember at school． 他们谈论了他们记起的上学时的人和事． 2.2.只能用which不用that的情况： ①在非限制性定语从句中． She made great progress and won a prize, which gave us a surprise． 她取得了很大进步并获得了奖金, 这使我们很惊讶． ②在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中, 必须使用which This is the knife with which John hurt somebody．这就是约翰伤人的那把刀． 3.在下列情况下, 多用关系代词who, 而不使用that： ①先行词为those, one, on