被动与主动例析.ppt

被动与主动 4. 思维的差异：abstract vs concrete； Passive vs active Such books are written for children. You are requested to give a performance. You’ re wanted on the phone. He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. The song was composed by a worker. E: passive 1. When the active subject is known and need not be mentioned: Visitors are requested to wait a little.来宾请少待. 2. When the active subject is unknown or cannot be readily stated: You are wanted on the phone. 5 cases in which passive voice is used in English: 3. When the active subject is not mentioned for some special reasons (tact or delicacy of sentiment)(出于礼貌、措辞圆通等方面不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。) Some things have been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken.今晚有人在此讲了些不应该讲的话。 6 cases in which passive is used in English: 4. When the active subject is less important than the subject acted upon(为了突出谈话的中心)：The song was composed by a worker. 5. For stylistic devices (便于衔接)： He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. Larry actually loved her and was loved in return. 5 cases in which passive is used in English: E： be done; to be done; Impersonal passive: It is believed double passive: The date is expected to be announced soon. Passive forms in E: 有形式标志的被动式(marked)： 受、遭、由、被、给、叫、让、加以、为。 无形式标志的被动式(unmarked)：文章写好了。 Passive forms in Chinese: 1. About 2 o’clock in the morning, I was wakened by a phone call. (page 63) 大约凌晨两点钟，我被电话铃声惊醒了。 2. They would not be conquered and enslaved without a struggle. 他们不愿不作斗争就被征服并沦为奴隶。 Translation techniques: conversion between passive and active voice. He was given a prize. 他得了奖。 The matter must be discussed at the meeting…予以讨论。(“把，由，加以”) The colleges are built on a plan common to all.各个学院是按共同的布局建造的。(“是……的”) He was laughed at by the people as a foolish dreamer. 人们把他当作愚蠢的空想家来嘲笑。(“把，由，加以”) 汉语“把”字句： 其宾语多是后面动词的受事者，表示处置； 其后动词多为动补式，表示致使； 表示动词的处所或范围： “把甲当乙”句式； “把”字祈使句； 带双宾语的“把”字句 汉语“把”字句： 你跑到哪儿去了？把我们吓坏了。 一定要记住，别把你的钱包放在人人能看得见的地方。 听说在幼儿园里，如果那个孩子不听话（b