定语从句之我见.docVIP

定语从句专题 葛诵志 定语从句是中学阶段英语语法中十分重要的一个语法项目。它是高考必考的语法内容，它在句子中的出现频率很高，对于正确的理解句子的意义起着举足轻重的作用。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 定语从句在句子中的作用相当于一个形容词，起着“定语”的作用。修饰说明名词，代词或句子的全部内容；通常在修饰的词语（即先行词）之后。由关系词引导。要学好定语从句，做好定语从句有关的试题，就必须理解透“关系词”具有的三种功能。 连接功能（相当于一个连词）：连接主句与从句，引导定语从句。 指代功能：（在定语从句中）指代“先行词” 语法功能：在定语从句中充当且必须充当句子成分。 关系词依其在定语从句中的功能，又分为关系代词和关系副词两种。 （关系代词在定语从句中充当主语，定语，表语与宾语，关系副词在其中充当状语） 关系代词：which,that,who,whom,whose,as 关系副词：when,where,why 第一讲 关系代词的应用 其中，要正确使用关系代词就必须掌握和区分其指代功能和语法功能。 主语 宾语 表语 定语 指人 Who/that Whom(who)/that that whose 指物 Which/that Which/that that whose 可省 （1）关系代词who/that，当定语从句所修饰的先行词是人时用who或that，关系代词在从句中作主语时用who/that，作宾语时用whom，但在口语中常用who代替。 Eg: The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. The boy who broke the window is called Jack. The girl we met yesterday is Lilei’s sister. He is the man whom/that I visited last week. (2)关系代词which/that，当定语从句所修饰的先行词是物的时候，用关系代词which/that。which和that可以在从句中充当主语也可以充当宾语 。that还可以用来指人，且可在定语从句中做表语。 Eg: They planted the trees which/that don’t need much water. The fish which/that we bought were not fresh. A plane is a machine that can fly. (3)关系代词whose既可以用于指人的先行词，又可以用于指物的先行词，在定语从句中作定语。whose的意义相当于先行词的所有格。可换由n+of which/whom代替 Eg: The World Wide Fund for wildlife is an organization whose aim is to protect wildlife. A story I read several years ago, whose title I cant remember clearly now, changed my idea about money. 注：关系词指物的时候，只用that不用which的情况。 (1)当先行词是everything，anything，nothing，few，little，all，some，muchEg: All that can has been done. Is there anything (that) I can do for you? He told us all that he had done. Tell me everything that he had done. (2)当先行词被every, both, the only, all, the very, no any, little, much, some修饰时。 Eg: This is the very book that I have been looking for. The only thing that I want to do is to have a rest. And then I watched all the glasses that were on the table fell off onto the floor. 但指人的时候不受限制。 Eg: I was the only person in my office who/that was invited. (3)