《被迫行为论文：论刑法中被迫行为的性质.docVIP

被迫行为论文：论刑法中被迫行为的性质 【中文摘要】被迫行为是指行为人在遭受足以抑制自由选择行为的威胁逼迫下,违背本人意愿,实施了对社会造成严重危害的行为。由于被迫行为人精神上受到强制,不同于完全自由行为人,因此,被迫行为人承担的法律后果要么是无罪,要么是从轻、减轻其刑事责任。通过对被迫行为的特征、成立条件、类型等内容进行分析,准确把握被迫行为的内涵。被迫行为具有被迫性、相当的社会危害性的特征。依据程度被迫行为可以分为:重度胁迫下的被迫行为、中度胁迫下的被迫行为、轻度胁迫下的被迫行为;依据胁迫的来源可以分为:人威胁下的被迫行为、自然威胁下的被迫行为。虽然被迫行为这一概念来自于英美法系,但是其内容也被大陆法系所承认,只是两大法系对被迫行为的性质存有不同的理解,但是两大法系对被迫行为的认识不是完全不同的。大陆法系有认为被迫行为是违法性阻却事由或者责任阻却事由的不同观点。违法阻却事由和责任阻却事由当中也包含了不同的学说,违法阻却事由中有法益衡量说、说、社会相当说等一元论和二元论的区分;责任阻却事由有缺乏责任能力说、缺乏期待可能性的阻却责任说等。英美法系则有认为被迫行为是可宽恕事由或者正当化事由的争议。两大法系有关理论近年来不断地借鉴吸收,许多理论并非完全不同,实质上具有相同的价值理念。通过归纳及评析不同观点,使我们对被迫行为的性质有了更加深刻的了解。虽然我国的犯罪构成不同于大陆法系和英美法系,但是我国对被迫行为也有相关学说:不可抗力说、紧急避险说、意志丧失说等相关学说,体现了我国对被迫行为的认识。由于被迫行为的性质是一个理论性较强的问题,大陆法系和英美法系虽然都有自己的相关学说,存在一定的争议,但是也有相同点,例如:违法阻却事由和正当化事由都认为行为是合法的,责任阻却事由和宽恕事由认为行为违法,只是不能对行为人进行谴责。我国相关的学说也不能很好的解释被迫行为。分析被迫行为和紧急避险之间、胁从犯之间的异同,以求更加准确的认识被迫行为。被迫行为实质上是一种责任阻却事由,是以期待可能性理论为核心的责任阻却事由,体现了罪刑法定原则和人权保障理念。 【英文摘要】Duress refers to that under the threat of supressing actor’s freedom of choosing behavior and against actor’s own will, he/she implements the action that severely impairs the society. Cause the forced actor is mentally coerced,different from the completely free actor, as a result, the legal consequence that the forced actor shall bear is either innocent, or lenient or mitigating his/her criminal responsibility. The connotation of forced act is acurately comprehended through the analysis of the characteristics, conditions and types of forced act and etc. The forced act is characterized by duress and fairly social hazard. The forced act can be classified as under severe, medium or slight duress according to the degree, and under duress of human or nature in the light of the origin of duress.Although the concept of duress from the criminal theory of common law system, but its content is also recognized by civil law,just the nature of duress have different understanding between common law and civil law.there are the grounds for elimination of illegality and the grounds for elimination of liability