ShortVersion20.ElectricCharge,Force,Fields短版20.pptVIP

Exploded view of a TN (Twisted Nematic) liquid crystal cell showing the states in an OFF state (left), and an ON state with voltage applied (right) 超扭轉向列型液晶單元的放大圖：關閉狀態(左圖) ，開放(加電壓後)狀態(右圖) 。 Conductors, Insulators, Dielectrics導體，絕緣體，和電介體 Bulk matter consists of point charges: e p. 大塊的物質由點電荷組成 Conductors: charges free to move ( ? electric currents ), 導體: 電荷自由移動 (?電流 ) e.g., e (metal), ion ( electrolytes ), e+ion (plasma). 例： e(金屬) ，離子(電解質) ，e+離子(電漿) Insulators: charges are bounded. 絕緣體: 電荷受縛 Dielectrics: insulators with intrinsic / induced dipoles. 電介體: 有內建或感應雙極的絕緣體 Ind